- Meeting 26 : Tue, Sep 15, 08:00 am-08:50 am
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Solving Polynomial Equations. Ideals, Examples. Lessons from simple case of linear equations. Rings, Division Rings, Fields, Polynomial Rings. Formal definition of ideals and properties.
- Meeting 27 : Wed, Sep 16, 06:00 am-06:00 am
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Algorithmic problems to address. Ideal Membership problem. Ideals and Varieties. Examples, basic observations.
- Meeting 28 : Fri, Sep 18, 11:00 am-11:50 am
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Noetherian Rings. Ascending chain termination. Hilbert Basis theorem.
- Meeting 29 : Mon, Sep 21, 09:00 am-09:50 am
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Simple cases first. Linear equations. Division algorithm. Univariate case. Division algorithm. Uniqueness. Gcd of polynomials. Proof that F[x] is a PID.
- Meeting 30 : Tue, Sep 22, 08:00 am-08:50 am
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Euclidean Algorithm and the correctness in terms of ideals generated. Solving the Ideal membership problem for uni-variate case. Towards generalizations.
- Meeting 31 : Wed, Sep 23, 12:00pm-12:50pm
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Term orders. Well-ordering. Termination of the division algorithm. Example term orderings.
- Meeting 32 : Tue, Sep 29, 08:00 am-08:50 am
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Examples of term orderings. Division algorithm with multiple multivariate polynomials.
- Meeting 33 : Wed, Sep 30, 12:00pm-12:50pm
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Examples for remainder being non-zero depending on the order of the division. Definition of Grobner basis. Characterization of Grobner basis.
- Meeting 34 : Mon, Oct 05, 09:00 am-09:50 am
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Computing Grobner basis. Constructing violating examples for Grobner condition. Leading the intuition to S-polynomials and Buchberger's criterion. Proof of Buchberger's criterion - A special case first.
- Meeting 35 : Tue, Oct 06, 08:00 am-08:50 am
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Main lemma : any violating example can be expressed in terms of S-polynomials. General case of the criterion.
- Meeting 36 : Wed, Oct 07, 12:00pm-12:50pm
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Buchberger's algorithm. Termination and Correctness. Minimal and Reduced Grobner Basis.
- Meeting 37 : Fri, Oct 09, 11:00 am-11:50 am
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Solving 3-coloring problem using Grobner basis. Formulation in terms of polynomials. Integer programming. A special case first. Reduction to the problem of testing membership in the image of a ring-homomorphism.
- Meeting 38 : Sat, Oct 10, 09:00 am-09:50 am
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A characterization of kernel in terms of elimination ideals. Elimination theory and Grobner basis. Examples.
- Meeting 39 : Sat, Oct 10, 10:00 am-10:50 am
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Checking whether a polynomials is in the image of the homomorphism. Observations about Grobner basis generated by the Buchberger algorithm in this case. Using the term ordering to solve the optimization version of the problem.
- Meeting 40 : Mon, Oct 12, 09:00 am-09:50 am
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Integral Domains, Units, Irreducibles, Primes, Primes are Irreducibles. Integral Domains with factorisation is a UFD if and only if all Irreducibles are primes.
- Meeting 41 : Tue, Oct 13, 08:00 am-08:50 am
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All Principal Ideal Domains are Unique Facotorization Domains. Z, F[x] are all UFDs. Towards proving : if R is a UFD, so is R[x]. Gauss's Lemma and its proof.
- Meeting 42 : Wed, Oct 14, 12:00 pm-12:50 pm
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Content of a polynomial. Primitive polynomials. Characterization of non-constant irreducibles in R[x] using irreducibility in F[x] where F is the Field of fractions of R. Proving that a factorization exists. Proof that all non-constant irreducibles are primes in R[x]. Completing the proof of the theorem : F[x_1, x_2, ... x_n] is a UFD. Factorization Problem :
Given a polynomial f, factorize it into irredcubiles.
Given a polynomial can we test if it is irreducible?
- Meeting 43 : Fri, Oct 16, 11:00 am-11:50 am
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A characterization of irreducibility of polynomials. Quotient Ring is a field if and only if the polynomial is irreducible.
- Meeting 44 : Mon, Oct 19, 09:00 am-09:50 am
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Chinese remainder theorem for integers. Relatively prime ideals. Chinese reminder theorem for ideals.
- Meeting 45 : Mon, Oct 26, 09:00 am-09:50 am
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Lecture Cancelled. To be compensated.
- Meeting 46 : Tue, Oct 27, 08:00 am-08:50 am
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From Quotient Rings of Irreducibile polynomials to Field extensions. Viewing field extensions as vector spaces. Characteristic of a field. Sizes of fields. Constructing extensions and uniqueness of fields of a given size (up to isomorphism).
- Meeting 47 : Wed, Oct 28, 12:00pm-12:50pm
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Feild Extensions and Quotient Rings of irreducible polynomials.
Back to factorization problem. Square free factorization. Distinct degree factorization. A starting idea from Fermat's little theorem. Extracting product of linear factors.
- Meeting 48 : Thu, Oct 29, 05:00 pm-06:00 pm
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Generalizing Fermat's little theorem. Distinct Degree factorization Algorithm. Irreducibility Test.
- Meeting 49 : Fri, Oct 30, 11:00 am-11:50 am
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Equal Degree Factorization. Cantor-Zassenhaus Algorithm. Quadratic residues.
- Meeting 50 : Mon, Nov 02, 09:00 am-09:50 am
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Berlekamp Subalgebra. Dimension of the subalgebra and number of factors. Factorization algorithm assuming basis for the subalgebra.
- Meeting 51 : Tue, Nov 03, 08:00 am-08:50 am
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Finding a basis for the subalgebra. Reducing the dependence on Q. Outline of the Zassenhaus's idea.
- Meeting 52 : Wed, Nov 04, 12:00pm-12:50pm
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Hensel lifting (general ideal version). Polynomial version. Reducing bivariate factorization to univariate factorization.
- Meeting 53 : Thu, Nov 05, 02:15 pm-03:15 pm
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Details of Hensel lifting. Hensel lifting and factorization over integers.
- Meeting 54 : Fri, Nov 06, 11:00 am-11:50 am
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- Meeting 55 : Mon, Nov 09, 09:00 am-09:50 am
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Implicit Representation of Polynomials: Arithmetic Circuits. Example: Elementary symmetric polynomials More on structure of arithmetic circuits. VSBR construction.
- Meeting 56 : Tue, Nov 10, 08:00 am-08:50 am
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A Chasm at Depth 4.
- Meeting 57 : Fri, Nov 13, 11:00 am-11:50 am
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Lower Bounds vs Identity Testing.